Organizational Metaphors - 788 Words

Organizational Metaphors Maria F. Shoemaker South University April 19, 2012 Organizational Metaphors The two metaphors that I am about to describe to you are machines and organisms. I am also going to note what each metaphor suggests about how humans and their behavior are perceived in the organization. I will also let you know the similarities and differences in the two metaphors. Also conclude on how the ability to switch between metaphors might enhance effective leadership and organizational behavior. The machines one tends to think of inputs and outputs, standardization, productivity, measurement, and control. The organization tends to want the workers to just perform the mechanics of the job. They want them to not think†¦show more content†¦We must see that organizations exist in the socioeconomic environment the way fish exist in the ocean, and the way we exist in the physical environment. In knowing the similarities and differences in each metaphor, the manager of the organization will be able to use the organism in the area that it is needed the most and also use the machine in the area where it is needed the most. The organism can adapt to different environments and the machine can perform repetitively the same functions. The metaphors are most valuable in the organization once you train and coach ones employees, you will know which metaphor is best used within the organization. References Book Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organizations (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Marshak, R. (1996) Metaphors in organizational settings: Impact and outcome. In D. Grant amp; C. Oswick (Eds.), Metaphor and organizations (pp. 147-165). London: Sage Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson PrenticeShow MoreRelatedRoot Metaphors as an Aid to Understanding Organizational Behaviour3097 Words   |  13 PagesRobert Allen 11500024 Root metaphors as an aid to understanding organizational behaviour and their relevance to organizations in a knowledge based economy. Introduction The use of root metaphors to provide insight into organizations seems to be seen as a useful if limited way of understanding their complex natures (Morgan, 1997) (Andriesson, 2008), which may have been more suited to the industrial age. The rise of the Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) and post-industrial organizations pose furtherRead MoreParticipatory Action Research And Explanation1306 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence: these were reviewed. First to consider is if a metaphor (or school of thought) can adequately represent the totality of our organizational life. This was a major mindset (logically support my side of the compensation divide and assuming is the only that is logical in all cases) at the outset. As earlier referred to, my thoughts were opened to Morgan (1980) statements that no one metaphor can capture the total nature of organizational life. Often times we have employees who generally do notRead MoreCaterpillar Equipment has Come a Long Way2011 Words   |  8 Pagesnatural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. This report will explore the concept of multiple metaphors as a foundation or a lens for analyzing this organizational situation and problem. Key concepts will include the dominant frame consisting of the mechanistic and organismic metaphor, supported by brain, culture and the political metaphors. Caterpillar lives in two worlds. You have the unionized labor force that is very mechanistic and the salaried management whoRead MoreOrganizational Learning Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesAbdullah) organizational learning and learning organization are sometimes used interchange ably. Organizational learning is a concept used to describe certain types of activity that take place in an organization while the learning organization refers to a particular type of organization in and of itself. Nevertheless, there is a simple relationship between the two a learning organization is one which is good at organizational learning. Therefore, once the definition of organizational learning isRead MoreOrganizational Culture At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 Pagesvision for leaders to use in order to guide organizational objectives. It can also provide a perspective so followers can measure their leader’s performance in achieving the vision. Organizational culture can determine the way employees interact at the workplace and helps guide and give them a sense of direction at the workplace. Through observing Foundation, the following provide examples to demonstrate how Foundation is operating within the culture metaphor: †¢ The culture at Foundation is professionalRead MoreCulture Metaphor - Morgan G.19861442 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor strengths of the culture metaphor rests in the fact that it directs attention to the symbolic significance of even the most rational parts of organizational life ( Morgan, G. 1986) Discuss the issues raised in the quotation above, and comment on: †¢ †¢ †¢ the effects of organization culture on the design of organization structure; the effects of national culture on organization culture; and the ways in which power exists in different organization cultures. Metaphor is a method to explain a phenomenonRead MoreThe Organizational Culture Affects The Organization752 Words   |  4 Pagescase can occur. This essay will discuss two possible reasons for such ineffectiveness and lack of productivity. Firstly, organizations may have an overall structure that is not conducive to success in relation to their mission. Secondly, the organizational culture affects the organization in such a negative way that the mission becomes clouded in the eyes of many employees and managers. Organizations often fail because of a lack of balance in a structure that makes sense for that particular organizationRead MoreEssay on Organizational behavior809 Words   |  4 Pages To help us understand organizations, we might consider them as political systems. The political metaphor helps us understand power relationships in day-to-day organizational relationships. If we accept that power relations exist in organizations, then politics and politicking are an essential part of organizational life. Politics is a means of recognizing and, ultimately, reconciling competing interests within the organization. Competing interests can be reconciled by any number of means. For exampleRead MoreManagement and Organizational Culture in Samsung1541 Words   |  7 PagesCourse: NZDB 530 Organisation and Management Trimester 2 2010 Assessment 2: Essay on Organizational Culture SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Submitted by: Chung Daewan(Steve) ID# 20904451 Submitted on: 5th July 2010 Submitted to: Jene Parilla TABLE OF CONTENTS â…  . Essay on Organizational Culture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................................................3 â… ¡. Metaphor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................................................................................6 â… ¢. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................Read MoreThe Key to Hrm Is the Link Between Organizational Activities, Employees and Business Strategy. Culture Is Often Overlooked Within Understanding How Employees Behave.1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Key to HRM is the link between organizational activities, employees and business strategy. 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The Studies Done By Tucker Et Al - 1030 Words

The studies done by Tucker et al. (2012) and Brosey and March (2015) are very similar in nature. Olrich, Kalman and Nigolian (2012) was slightly different. All three studies lacked a random assignment of study participants. Tucker et al. identifies limitations such as lack of a control group or a random assignment, and suggests that the fall rates could have been influenced by the increased attention to falls due to another initiative rather than SNRI. Brosey and March also had a lack of a control group or a random assignment but failed to mention this in the limitations, and also suggested that the fall rates could have been influenced by an increased attention to falls prior to implementation. Olrich, Kalman and Nigolian did not complete a post-implementation evaluation and did not note this in the limitations. However, it was noted that a larger sample size was needed (Olrich, Kalman, Nigolian). Tucker et al. and Olrich, Kalman and Nigolian (2012) both noted that it would be beneficial to have a unit champion and additional staff training. Olrich, Kalman and Nigolian noted that there were nurses that floated to the floor that were not trained in the hourly rounding process, while Tucker et al. had nurses who were questioning why the project was implemented. This could explain why some of the nursing staff felt that the study was introduced as a punitive measure. Tucker et al. also identified that providing a clear purpose for the research study may have led to aShow MoreRelatedOverview Of Structured Nursing Round Interventions908 Words   |  4 PagesOrthopedic Units,† and it was written by Tucker S.J., Bieber P.L., Attlesey-Pries J.M., Olson M.E., Dierkhising R.A., 2012. The article began with an abstract that was accurate, concise, and easily comprehensible. The abstract of this article summarized the purpose, aim, method, result, and conclusion of the study. 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Impact on Australian Economy Including Trade Figure-Free samples

Question: What Is The Impact On The Australian Economy Of International Students Coming Here To Study? Answer: Introduction For the purpose of study, those students that cross the international boundary are known as foreign students. These students go in different countries to pursue higher education. Such students cause an impact on the economy in many ways. Foreign students are those students that are defined on the basis of their citizenship. The international students are of great importance in all the countries. They contribute to the economy in many ways. As per reports if we go, the international student contribute to about one-eighth to the income of the entire economy. If we go by reports, the following facts were stated in context of the international students coming to Australia in respect of studies. As per the reports presented below(International.gc.ca, 2017) Data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (UIS) indicate the top ten host countries for inbound international students (in formal tertiary education only) are: (ABC News, 2017) United States (19% of total mobile students) United Kingdom (10%) Australia (6%) France (6%) Germany (5%) Russian Federation (3%) Japan (3%) Canada (3%) China (2%) Italy (2%) In year 2015-2016, the total revenue generated by the international students was in tune to amount of billion in respect of export income which was more than eight present than what was earn in the previous years. When it comes to export, the export of international students amount to the third largest export of the country after export of iron ores and coal. As per the new data that was released, by the government, the Australian Bureau of Statistics made a confirmation that all over the various universities and other colleges that imparts higher education to the international billion in student, they generated cumulatively income to the amount of dollar 13.7 billion in 2015-16. This industry also helps in providing job employment to a large sector of people, which in terms of figures is around 130,700 Australian jobs and helps in sustaining the living standard of the people over there. It is not only core component of Australian economy it also contributes to maintain the relations hip of Australia with the rest of the world. It helps in development of better communal relationship between different countries, as students of one country go to study in another country. There is a reason why so many students comes every year to the continent to pursue higher education, the main reason be the quality of world class education that the universities over here offer, also they are benefited by the rich cultural diversity and the fulfilling student experience. It is one of the most sought after country by many students all over the world in respect of pursuing higher education. Over the past fifty years, the student to student relation has helped in developing the country to country relation in the world, it has been the flag bearer for development of international relational, and connecting the continent with the rest of the world. Through this exchange of students, the government is also paving the way for development of rich trade and culture ties between the nation s and that will eventually help in developing of better economic prospects. As in today more than 320000 students are pursuing international education from around 130 countries around the globe from the Australian institutes. These students are also making contribution to the development of the regional states in the country, with more than five present of the total income from these students goes for the development of the regional states and provinces. Thus there is a lot of advantages that international students has when it comes to the overall development of the international economy and its wide scale growth. The overall impact that was generated by the international students was captured in reports that were issued by the ACPET report in 2013,it covers the overall impact that is caused through various vocational training, education practices, various degrees and higher education facilities, that are provided to the international students by the Australian institute The overall details about the advantages that international education provides is provided in the data below State or Territory Full Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs Proportion of State employment Economic contribution(ABC News, 2017) State or Territory Full Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs Proportion of State employment Economic contribution (direct indirect) Proportion of State gross product New South Wales 46,903 1.50% $6.2bn 1.2% Victoria 39,169 1.60% $5.1bn 1.4% Queensland 21,474 1.10% $2.7bn 0.9% South Australia 8,430 1.30% $1.1bn 1.1% Western Australia 9,984 0.90% $1.4bn 0.5% Tasmania 1,474 0.80% $184m 0.7% NT 444 0.40% $66m 0.3% ACT 2,859 1.60% $404m 1.2% Australia 130,737 1.30% $17.1bn 1.1% There are also disadvantages that are associated with the international students and have wide scale effect on the economy. The major impact can be put forward in the following points- Interactions between the foreign and the domestic students Mostly it is stated that most of the students finds it favourable to stay in a foreign country, but sometimes there are issues because a lot domestic students finds it not possible to accept the international students that come to their counties form different part of the world, somewhere they feel that their overall privacy is being hampered by such large scale foreign exchange terms. It is difficult sometimes for the domestic students to develop ties with the international students (Boundless, 2017) Impact on institutions There has been studies about how the advent of the international students can affect the type and the manner of imparting education to the students, abacuses changes have to be done so that the international students get an international experience in terms of the kind of education they are receiving form the institutes, research has been done in this matter a lot. However there has been little or no implication of the same The industries seldom take any decisions based on the needs of these students and efforts to internalise their curriculum of education ,in that way the students re at loss and many since most of the students belonging to different nations have different expectations with the kind of education they want to receive , fails to obtain the same. In this way the economy is hampered because the institutes are not taking efforts ad so many stunts are abstaining from undergoing such courses in the continent. Thus w see that the overall education format and the institutes p olicy goes for changes when the same comes in terms with the expectations of the international students. (www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au, 2017) Impact on the community International education also has effect on the community in many ways, , there are overall implications in relations between the host country and the international students and how does the effect the economy in so many ways. There are studies that shows the perceived discrimination on the basis of the home stay and the effect it has on the development of the community as a whole, In some ways if it is helpful in developing relations in other words it is bad also because sometimes, the people are not able to accept these students in their country and if there in any ways, harm is caused to such students the overall ties between the countries gets hampered because of the same Community outreach programmes have been developed and reported on in an ad hoc fashion, but systematic evaluations of these initiatives have not generally been undertaken. (ABC News, 2017) Conclusion Hence if we see from a broader perspective, these policies of international education are good and bad, in both ways. It cannot be denied that it helps in developing of the economy in so many ways, but in some ways , it lasso leads to the flow of the foreign direct investments which may not be good for the economy when it comes in terms of money prospect. These policies are advantageous both for the home students and also for the students of the host nations, because each one gets to experience a different kind of cultured experience the out reaches of the world diversity which they might not be able to if they wren pursuing education in their protective environment. Still if we look , the advantages are often outweighing the disadvantages, hence it is important the government developed the best of policies for the benefit of the international student that will eventually help the development of the entire economy in so many more ways. (Educationcounts.govt.nz, 2017) References International.gc.ca. (2017). Recent Trends in International Student Mobility and Economic Impact. [online] Available at: https://www.international.gc.ca/education/report-rapport/impact-2016/sec-2.aspx?lang=eng [Accessed 27 May 2017]. ABC News. (2017). International student numbers hit new high. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-22/record-number-of-international-students-in-australia-in-2016/8291284 [Accessed 27 May 2017]. www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au. (2017). International-education-generates-a-record--20-3-billion-for-Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au/Media-and-Events/media-releases/International-education-generates-a-record--20-3-billion-for-Australia#.WSlB92dS3IV [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Educationcounts.govt.nz. (2017). The impact of international students on domestic students and host institutions | Education Counts. [online] Available at: https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/international/the_impact_of_international_students_on_domestic_students_and_host_institutions [Accessed 27 May 2017]. ABC News. (2017). Australia 'most expensive' place for international students. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-10/australia-most-expensive-place-for-international-students/5735114 [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Boundless. (2017). Impact of Immigration on the Host and Home Country Economies. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/immigration-economics-38/introduction-to-immigration-economics-138/impact-of-immigration-on-the-host-and-home-country-economies-546-12643/ [Accessed 27 May 2017].

Discussion about Process Architecture Design for University and Consul

Question: Discuss about the Process Architecture Design for University and Consultancy? Answer: Introduction: This study will examine the creation of process architecture of both university and consultancy. Process architecture defines the orders, interfaces and other relationships among process segment in a conventional procedure. General use of this paradigm is to recognize and structure business operations already present in an organization. Four different categories of the design process are as identification of case types, identification of functions for case types, construction of function matrices and identification of processes (Dumas et al. 2013). Process Architecture of University Identification of Case Types: Classification of class types is the initial phase of this procedure. Selection of the right properties is a critical part in developing the architecture. Consider it as the base of the work. The need of classification of types arises because university handles various processes in different ways (Kirchmer, 2012). The names of the properties that needed to be included are service type, channel, and customer type. This study will only concentrate on the 'customer type' classification for identifying the case. Customer type: University provides only services to their respective students. Students are the customers for this architecture. University provides industrial engineering, building or construction engineering study to their regular student and students who come after completing polytechnic. Students fill up their admission form and submit them to the admission department. Through an eligibility check, university selects their students and sends them a confirmation letter. University confirms their students through examining their previous study report in detail. Students from other countries also get the chance of getting the education. University also considers part-time students. Part-time students are those who simultaneously work and study. Part-time students projects are. Figure 1: Case Types of University (Source: created by author) Identification of Functions for Case Types: Different case types consist of different functions (Kirchmer, 2012). The major aspect of this process is to identify the functions by inspecting each case type in detail. The various roles of the university are admission process and education. The decomposition of admission process results into two parts, accepting admission forms check and confirmation. Education consists of courses and projects. One function of 'admission' is to provide the students a chance for becoming an integral part of the university. The project can be decomposed into two parts, conventional and actual life. Plans of part-time students are more realistic. Figure 2: Functions of University (Source: created by author) Design of Functions matrix: The identify case type' and identify features' studies leads to the present task of developing a function model (Yin et al. 2014). The sign X' in the individual matrix represent that corresponding function can be performed for that case type. The matrix here in this study shows the relation between three distinct case types with functions. Part-time students get to do the projects that more relates to real experiences. On the other hand, regular and polytechnic students do current projects. Education and project functions do not have total participation with pupils. Regular and polytechnic students do not get a chance to do real life projects. Part-time students do not possess the opportunity to have the benefit of optional function. Figure 3: Function Matrix of University (Source: created by author) Identification of the processes in the case function matrix: It is the final step in the process. Developing a business process require a finding combination of business function and case type (Harmon, 2014). For this purpose, determine the tradeoff between two extremes. The rules for determining the 'big process' in this study are, split the process vertically if it has distinct flow-objects (Karthik et al. 2015). Separate the process horizontally when it has subtle differences and when a process consists many functions for one case. These rules are the guidelines for making the architecture possible (Niemi et al. 2013). Flow objects flow through a business process. In this matrix, the indication of having more than one flow object is present. One flow object for the education function is a perusing course. Sometimes few functions perform for all the cases at the same time (Kirchmer, 2012). It is typical for batch processing. The accepting admission form' function works for all the cases. Though confirmation is also performed for the case, it more relates to the 'big process' perusing course. The conventional project function for both types of students represents a 'big process' related to study. For part-time case, it indicates the process related to existent. Figure 4: Identified processes of Function Matrix of University (Source: created by author) Process Architecture of Consultancy: Like the university, the discussion on the architecture for consultancy will cover up to four topics. Identification of case types: Case types can be of mainly four types (Jeston Nelis, 2014). This study concentrates on choosing service as case type over all the other cases. It is because the consultancy choose asset of products over clients. Consultancy provides the services do the works of consulting, outsourcing and interim management. Consultancy services are in exchange of money providing expert knowledge to an organization. It is often required by an organization when business demands expert advice (Yin et al. 2014). For managing businesses, outsourcing services is becoming more popular. Interim management describes the process, the short-term task of a proven established interim executivemanagerfor managing a span of transition, crisisfor an organization. The services of the organization are different for new and old clients. It provides services to the new customers and upgrades the performance of the products already old client consist. Figure 5: Case Type of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Identification of Functions for Case Types: Functions are an with a various employees of the integral part of case types. Features determine the how the business process works (Jeston Nelis 2014). It requires meetings organization, especially with product and service managers. The functions are, project plan, consultant research, and interim task. Outcomes of decomposition of project plan are team project creation, kick-off meeting, execution, and evaluation. For new customers, interim task focuses on networking events and framework contract. On the other hand, old clients conduct regular meetings. Figure 6: Functions of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Design of Functional matrix: The signs X' in the matrix represent the relation of case type with a particular function (Dumas et al. 2013). The outsourcing case is severely related to all the sub-function of 'project plan' function. Consultant research case concerns itself with leasing and secretary sub-function. New client conduct a meeting and the organization tries to establish a relation that will last long. Old customers get the service for updating the product further. Figure 7: Function matrix of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Identification of the processes in the case function matrix: Rules for determining identifying processes in this matrix are, split vertically if a process changes change transactional state (Harmon 2015). Split-up when a process contains logical separation in time. Split-up when a process includes logical separation in space. Few big processes are, networking events, team creation and execution works for outsourcing and new customer case. The team creation for outsourcing and new function defined as team assigning. Regular meeting function is related with consulting and old case type. Figure 8: Identified processes of function matrix of Consultancy (Source: created by author) Conclusion: This study concludes identification of case types and functions are the central part of creating process architecture. A university in this study consists of case types like, regular, Polytechnic and part time. On the other hand, consultancy consists of a project plan, consultant research and interim task. Through identifying process big processes' are found. Big processes are the processes that consist of more than one flow. These flows assist in the decisions of business procedures. Combination of process creates big process that decides the direction of business processes. The process to create architecture of distinct businesses is same. References: Dijkman, R., Vanderfeesten, I., Reijers, H. A. (2011). The road to a business process architecture: an overview of approaches and their use.The Nederlands: Einhoven University of Technology. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., Reijers, H. A. (2013).Fundamentals of business process management(pp. I-XXVII). Heidelberg: Springer. Harmon, P. (2014).Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann. Harmon, P. (2015). The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 37-80). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Karthik, T. V. S. S., Subramanian, K., Kumar, R. G., Prasad, T. K., Sriniwas, A. (2015, August). A Six Sigma approach for the design of thermal architecture of energy storage system. InTransportation Electrification Conference (ITEC), 2015 IEEE International(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Kirchmer, M. (2012).Business process oriented implementation of standard software: how to achieve competitive advantage efficiently and effectively. Springer Science Business Media. Niemi, E., Pekkola, S. (2013, January). Enterprise architecture quality attributes: A case study. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 3878-3887). IEEE. Yin, S., Luo, H., Ding, S. X. (2014). Real-time implementation of fault-tolerant control systems with performance optimization.Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,61(5), 2402-2411. Laguna, M., Marklund, J. (2013).Business process modeling, simulation and design. CRC Press. van der Aalst, W. M. (2013). Business process management: A comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Rebuge, ., Ferreira, D. R. (2012). Business process analysis in healthcare environments: A methodology based on process mining.Information Systems,37(2), 99-116. sterle, H. (2013).Business in the information age: heading for new processes. Springer Science Business Media.